In the US college sports system, "amateur" athletes are defined as individuals who participate primarily for education and scholarships, personal development, or school representation. Amateurs are not paid salaries for their performance.

"Professionals" are compensated by the university directly for playing, may sign their own employment contracts, and are treated as part of a commercial labor market.

The International Chess Federation (FIDE) grants four titles exclusively to women. These are Woman Grandmaster, Woman International Master, Woman FIDE Master, and Woman Candidate Master. These titles typically require 200 Elo rating points less than what is required for the equivalent open titles (e.g GM has a minimum rating of 2500 while WGM has a minimum rating of 2300).

The EU, along with the rest of the world, predominantly depends on US-based payment service providers (PSP) like VISA and Mastercard for all of its transactions. To detach itself from this, the EU in 2025 has been working to create its own new PSP from 5 major existing European payment providers (Bancomat, Bizum, MB WAY, etc).

Debt cancelling is a form of one-time relief in which all debt is forgiven.

Climate realism is an environmental framework aimed at averting climate change.

It is characterized by (1) acceptance for a world that fails climate targets, and preparing the nation accordingly (2) investing in domestic resilience, and (3) elevating climate change as a top national security priority.

Public protected areas are geographically defined spaces, such as national parks and wildlife sanctuaries, managed by the state for long-term conservation, biodiversity, and ecosystem services.

RA 8749 or the Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 sets air quality standards, controls carbon emissions, and enforces penalties for violations, among other regulations aimed to ensure safe air across the Philippines. In contrast to the WHO's standards, the RA 8749 allows for 5 times as much carbon emissions and the presence of particulate matter (harmful substances) in the air.

The Public Service Act is a foundational law regulating public services in the Philippines.

Since April 2023, select sectors such as railways, airports, expressways, and telecommunications were opened to 100 percent foreign ownership. Previously, these sectors were limited to 40 percent foreign ownership.

The Donbas region in eastern Ukraine and bordering Russia, contains the Donetsk and Lunask oblasts. It is a major industrial coalfield and the center of intense military conflict, with Russia currently occupying roughly 70% of Donetsk Oblast and almost all of Luhansk.

The remaining 30% of Donetsk, held by Ukraine, includes key cities such as Sloviansk, Kramatorsk, Druzhkivka, and Kostiantynivka.

Due to the high competitiveness of the sport, a big problem of the pokemon universe is the abuse and, in extreme instances, the abandonment of weak-deemed starter pokemon.